Block #272,650

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 9:04:46 AM · Difficulty 9.9533 · 6,537,268 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1cf72dd0c612e33affb26fe27a409dc102fa1b5aed88a4517e27fba0c0cf7d55

Height

#272,650

Difficulty

9.953333

Transactions

6

Size

2.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f40da2

Nonce

173,516

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 9:04:46 AM

Confirmations

6,537,268

Merkle Root

6cbe64d14371e9f1792205948beb3c66b0ed3f08db19f710e1ab18a7a0b6b43c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.256 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62567311250371741167…17374158324154405139
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.256 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62567311250371741167…17374158324154405139
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.256 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62567311250371741167…17374158324154405141
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.251 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12513462250074348233…34748316648308810279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.251 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
12513462250074348233…34748316648308810281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.502 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25026924500148696466…69496633296617620559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.502 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
25026924500148696466…69496633296617620561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.005 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50053849000297392933…38993266593235241119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.005 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
50053849000297392933…38993266593235241121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.001 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
10010769800059478586…77986533186470482239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,723,429 XPM·at block #6,809,917 · updates every 60s
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