Block #2,726,032

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/29/2018, 2:29:03 AM · Difficulty 11.6240 · 4,117,703 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
650dddec65197c7f6e2ff9bd6b80716f9c919258cfe9cfab39db318b56559db5

Height

#2,726,032

Difficulty

11.624027

Transactions

29

Size

8.38 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b9fc039

Nonce

177,780,164

Timestamp

6/29/2018, 2:29:03 AM

Confirmations

4,117,703

Merkle Root

288b1b3398cb488e7fb6a06a6eb5f56f0f45055b5471b7cb2b43e92aa4b66eee
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.070 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40700205197865726750…35352223339052641279
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.070 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40700205197865726750…35352223339052641279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.070 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40700205197865726750…35352223339052641281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.140 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
81400410395731453500…70704446678105282559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.140 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
81400410395731453500…70704446678105282561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.628 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16280082079146290700…41408893356210565119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.628 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16280082079146290700…41408893356210565121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.256 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
32560164158292581400…82817786712421130239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.256 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
32560164158292581400…82817786712421130241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.512 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
65120328316585162800…65635573424842260479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.512 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
65120328316585162800…65635573424842260481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.302 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13024065663317032560…31271146849684520959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,994,248 XPM·at block #6,843,734 · updates every 60s
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