Block #2,725,214

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/28/2018, 1:35:33 PM · Difficulty 11.6206 · 4,117,685 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
959928f3dcb20b2c0a77240afc914523c60823e7682c58fb219891a221f683f3

Height

#2,725,214

Difficulty

11.620588

Transactions

11

Size

3.29 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b9eded7

Nonce

79,870,567

Timestamp

6/28/2018, 1:35:33 PM

Confirmations

4,117,685

Merkle Root

aa6901f0cd7beaf87c20a027447165caf132c8977a8e207b2110df82f6f13c42
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.499 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14995786092047170524…82726528980282480639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.499 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14995786092047170524…82726528980282480639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.499 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14995786092047170524…82726528980282480641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.999 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29991572184094341048…65453057960564961279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.999 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29991572184094341048…65453057960564961281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.998 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59983144368188682096…30906115921129922559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.998 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
59983144368188682096…30906115921129922561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.199 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11996628873637736419…61812231842259845119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.199 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11996628873637736419…61812231842259845121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23993257747275472838…23624463684519690239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
23993257747275472838…23624463684519690241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.798 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
47986515494550945677…47248927369039380479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,540 XPM·at block #6,842,898 · updates every 60s
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