Block #272,407

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 6:02:05 AM · Difficulty 9.9528 · 6,522,647 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f6e5cbb2ac04797c6a6240d17780aa526cca9ba41d3cf30e1df55edea76599ce

Height

#272,407

Difficulty

9.952762

Transactions

8

Size

4.26 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f3e831

Nonce

152,077

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 6:02:05 AM

Confirmations

6,522,647

Merkle Root

993714eb3c62d92e2a7e65e064f6bd24f455155965d9638c8b047483c56b6091
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.476 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
34763936175414103050…41073140466685622769
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.476 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
34763936175414103050…41073140466685622769
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.476 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
34763936175414103050…41073140466685622771
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.952 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
69527872350828206100…82146280933371245539
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.952 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
69527872350828206100…82146280933371245541
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.390 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
13905574470165641220…64292561866742491079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.390 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
13905574470165641220…64292561866742491081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.781 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
27811148940331282440…28585123733484982159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.781 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
27811148940331282440…28585123733484982161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.562 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
55622297880662564880…57170247466969964319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,604,473 XPM·at block #6,795,053 · updates every 60s
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