Block #272,205

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 3:03:32 AM · Difficulty 9.9525 · 6,519,789 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
86b575ed0f688556a36dc925189a5486d105ff43164c0ac0c8def9bbffa8d318

Height

#272,205

Difficulty

9.952532

Transactions

6

Size

13.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f3d926

Nonce

9,588

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 3:03:32 AM

Confirmations

6,519,789

Merkle Root

fa2a56908ab94533b3c597446d0f95c875128c28d60b3f0b3c62f06a0d7fee6f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.740 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
37405269249648281009…71939256647889565759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.740 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
37405269249648281009…71939256647889565759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.740 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
37405269249648281009…71939256647889565761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.481 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
74810538499296562019…43878513295779131519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.481 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
74810538499296562019…43878513295779131521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.496 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
14962107699859312403…87757026591558263039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.496 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
14962107699859312403…87757026591558263041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.992 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
29924215399718624807…75514053183116526079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.992 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
29924215399718624807…75514053183116526081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.984 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
59848430799437249615…51028106366233052159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.984 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
59848430799437249615…51028106366233052161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,579,907 XPM·at block #6,791,993 · updates every 60s
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