Block #271,755

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/24/2013, 7:51:52 PM · Difficulty 9.9523 · 6,535,564 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cd4c806caabe8f1ece593d2a5768ce6796ffa0da957a9272f109bf00368879c9

Height

#271,755

Difficulty

9.952346

Transactions

8

Size

75.90 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f3ccf8

Nonce

5,386

Timestamp

11/24/2013, 7:51:52 PM

Confirmations

6,535,564

Merkle Root

9872100a3f98539808afcea0636ebc903ac8d3c53fc1e9a6ff53b2db8e0891b7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.969 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19692788463160590413…09332212112273579799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.969 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19692788463160590413…09332212112273579799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.969 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
19692788463160590413…09332212112273579801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.938 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
39385576926321180827…18664424224547159599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.938 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
39385576926321180827…18664424224547159601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.877 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
78771153852642361654…37328848449094319199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.877 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
78771153852642361654…37328848449094319201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.575 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
15754230770528472330…74657696898188638399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.575 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
15754230770528472330…74657696898188638401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.150 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
31508461541056944661…49315393796377276799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.150 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
31508461541056944661…49315393796377276801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,702,568 XPM·at block #6,807,318 · updates every 60s
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