Block #2,708,673

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 6/17/2018, 7:27:32 AM · Difficulty 11.5942 · 4,133,929 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d99ce64cacb185caa05c50356ed184c3e15611f582d516ee393d14c18ca6f98e

Height

#2,708,673

Difficulty

11.594228

Transactions

21

Size

4.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b981f55

Nonce

402,576,816

Timestamp

6/17/2018, 7:27:32 AM

Confirmations

4,133,929

Merkle Root

45ac8f2619a47bf0e7f31ef4e9eb49982d0f2ad80440b3b85d7797d2367468e3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.085 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10858455317112052644…94455349903319040001
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.085 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10858455317112052644…94455349903319040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.171 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21716910634224105289…88910699806638080001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.343 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
43433821268448210579…77821399613276160001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
8.686 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
86867642536896421158…55642799226552320001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.737 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17373528507379284231…11285598453104640001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.474 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34747057014758568463…22571196906209280001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.949 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
69494114029517136927…45142393812418560001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.389 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
13898822805903427385…90284787624837120001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.779 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
27797645611806854770…80569575249674240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
5.559 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
55595291223613709541…61139150499348480001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.111 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
11119058244722741908…22278300998696960001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,985,244 XPM·at block #6,842,601 · updates every 60s
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