Block #270,502

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/23/2013, 11:59:58 PM · Difficulty 9.9517 · 6,538,793 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
4c084e0a491c864c66d7c00285bafe6b0751753d3b69b1b164b05229c45d6f97

Height

#270,502

Difficulty

9.951715

Transactions

3

Size

1.97 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f3a39b

Nonce

15,605

Timestamp

11/23/2013, 11:59:58 PM

Confirmations

6,538,793

Merkle Root

6de394cbdc1d1d7003975ee9153f5f3a54e1ade594601c325179d6965284b9e5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.354 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13541478349731482463…52270199256711472501
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.354 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
13541478349731482463…52270199256711472501
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.708 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
27082956699462964927…04540398513422945001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
5.416 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
54165913398925929855…09080797026845890001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.083 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10833182679785185971…18161594053691780001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.166 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21666365359570371942…36323188107383560001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.333 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
43332730719140743884…72646376214767120001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
8.666 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
86665461438281487769…45292752429534240001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.733 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17333092287656297553…90585504859068480001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.466 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
34666184575312595107…81171009718136960001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,718,430 XPM·at block #6,809,294 · updates every 60s
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