Block #2,704,128

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 6/13/2018, 7:53:47 PM · Difficulty 11.6302 · 4,139,267 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
63dfe30de892209eea66d02507424be7e39b3676136d4f161d509a39037a136e

Height

#2,704,128

Difficulty

11.630162

Transactions

40

Size

10.73 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba1524c

Nonce

398,228,153

Timestamp

6/13/2018, 7:53:47 PM

Confirmations

4,139,267

Merkle Root

f72f137c0ae783e93c32f24d1f38e0134694219e5c8d019250d25c0bdfadbb26
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.433 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
64338062097959736561…31457960244909631999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.433 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
64338062097959736561…31457960244909631999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.433 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
64338062097959736561…31457960244909632001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.286 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12867612419591947312…62915920489819263999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.286 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12867612419591947312…62915920489819264001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.573 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25735224839183894624…25831840979638527999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.573 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25735224839183894624…25831840979638528001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.147 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51470449678367789249…51663681959277055999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.147 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51470449678367789249…51663681959277056001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.029 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10294089935673557849…03327363918554111999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.029 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10294089935673557849…03327363918554112001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.058 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20588179871347115699…06654727837108223999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,991,524 XPM·at block #6,843,394 · updates every 60s
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