Block #270,149

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/23/2013, 6:00:49 PM · Difficulty 9.9518 · 6,572,276 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f31381173572708ed9124d0e67b88ee9c51304227eb10c98cd3696b905432402

Height

#270,149

Difficulty

9.951773

Transactions

7

Size

3.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f3a768

Nonce

60,350

Timestamp

11/23/2013, 6:00:49 PM

Confirmations

6,572,276

Merkle Root

6c2c414f6273d6b73672cea0f9b169f2fa4d4fe43811bbd7e6c928f86936e491
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.538 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15386543393780778973…33781977615423052479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.538 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15386543393780778973…33781977615423052479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.538 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
15386543393780778973…33781977615423052481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.077 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30773086787561557947…67563955230846104959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.077 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
30773086787561557947…67563955230846104961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.154 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61546173575123115894…35127910461692209919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.154 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
61546173575123115894…35127910461692209921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12309234715024623178…70255820923384419839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12309234715024623178…70255820923384419841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.461 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24618469430049246357…40511641846768839679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,815 XPM·at block #6,842,424 · updates every 60s
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