Block #268,836

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/22/2013, 11:50:32 AM · Difficulty 9.9563 · 6,541,544 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
50c3dec987815dccd5e2ddc34166a27524e50b368c74d297da7178b2715a78dc

Height

#268,836

Difficulty

9.956261

Transactions

9

Size

4.39 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f4cd7f

Nonce

7,711

Timestamp

11/22/2013, 11:50:32 AM

Confirmations

6,541,544

Merkle Root

bb4e2fd6f1e0a1cf4864f0a30e40f4dc95e435c3c6eef927ced4d15c908322ea
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.424 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14243851731357096210…04182887437119371999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.424 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14243851731357096210…04182887437119371999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.424 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14243851731357096210…04182887437119372001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.848 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28487703462714192420…08365774874238743999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.848 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
28487703462714192420…08365774874238744001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.697 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56975406925428384840…16731549748477487999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.697 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
56975406925428384840…16731549748477488001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.139 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11395081385085676968…33463099496954975999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.139 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11395081385085676968…33463099496954976001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.279 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22790162770171353936…66926198993909951999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.279 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22790162770171353936…66926198993909952001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,727,117 XPM·at block #6,810,379 · updates every 60s
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