Block #268,823

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/22/2013, 11:33:47 AM · Difficulty 9.9563 · 6,534,945 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
a5cf1454f9f8f6e6081979bad4413ba9694651e3169f868abd3825ac4dd900a3

Height

#268,823

Difficulty

9.956290

Transactions

1

Size

1.81 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f4cf70

Nonce

123,234

Timestamp

11/22/2013, 11:33:47 AM

Confirmations

6,534,945

Merkle Root

da2d04144d9ca1529260fc9ba2e1551644809782135d090ba3442f2754ff5acc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.123 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
21236116029475996482…33750533184121117281
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.123 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
21236116029475996482…33750533184121117281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.247 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
42472232058951992964…67501066368242234561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.494 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
84944464117903985929…35002132736484469121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.698 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
16988892823580797185…70004265472968938241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.397 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33977785647161594371…40008530945937876481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.795 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
67955571294323188743…80017061891875752961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.359 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13591114258864637748…60034123783751505921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.718 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27182228517729275497…20068247567503011841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.436 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54364457035458550994…40136495135006023681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,674,182 XPM·at block #6,803,767 · updates every 60s
xpmprime.info is a work in progress. If you enjoy using this service you can support this project with a Primecoin donation.