Block #2,682,936

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/29/2018, 11:20:04 AM · Difficulty 11.6912 · 4,153,814 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7caa466cf51df0bd7563be9644e7037b15ae28a6107a015a51ae1afcd04aab3c

Height

#2,682,936

Difficulty

11.691164

Transactions

26

Size

8.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb0f027

Nonce

670,909,744

Timestamp

5/29/2018, 11:20:04 AM

Confirmations

4,153,814

Merkle Root

e38b65ae3c832c6fc499bd9f862fdb8abe7f2bb895810e84a5ba5660f8eddab0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.198 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71987839195536266777…71874446068512057599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.198 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71987839195536266777…71874446068512057599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.198 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71987839195536266777…71874446068512057601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.439 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14397567839107253355…43748892137024115199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.439 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14397567839107253355…43748892137024115201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.879 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28795135678214506711…87497784274048230399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.879 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28795135678214506711…87497784274048230401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.759 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
57590271356429013422…74995568548096460799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.759 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
57590271356429013422…74995568548096460801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.151 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11518054271285802684…49991137096192921599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.151 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11518054271285802684…49991137096192921601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.303 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
23036108542571605368…99982274192385843199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,938,286 XPM·at block #6,836,749 · updates every 60s
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