Block #2,682,865

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/29/2018, 10:17:43 AM · Difficulty 11.6907 · 4,159,525 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
be0668e26a62cfaa084212c3fc20441a337785a80fc29733feae746435c4054e

Height

#2,682,865

Difficulty

11.690687

Transactions

21

Size

9.65 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb0d0db

Nonce

469,070,667

Timestamp

5/29/2018, 10:17:43 AM

Confirmations

4,159,525

Merkle Root

346091cbb65946c22a71bf3909ed8fa8899d65d754491f34b9bc7e9edebf5726
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.048 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30487595684572574116…00882679327128826881
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.048 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30487595684572574116…00882679327128826881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.097 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
60975191369145148233…01765358654257653761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.219 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12195038273829029646…03530717308515307521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.439 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24390076547658059293…07061434617030615041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.878 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48780153095316118586…14122869234061230081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.756 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97560306190632237173…28245738468122460161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.951 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19512061238126447434…56491476936244920321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.902 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39024122476252894869…12982953872489840641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.804 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
78048244952505789739…25965907744979681281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.560 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15609648990501157947…51931815489959362561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
3.121 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31219297981002315895…03863630979918725121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
6.243 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
62438595962004631791…07727261959837450241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,983,530 XPM·at block #6,842,389 · updates every 60s
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