Block #268,078

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/21/2013, 7:44:08 PM · Difficulty 9.9580 · 6,540,368 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
c5a3ad1dccf7d7256016db6c5301c6e99e5fc07cb254de095cda30e4cdca974a

Height

#268,078

Difficulty

9.957987

Transactions

4

Size

3.96 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f53ea5

Nonce

98,503

Timestamp

11/21/2013, 7:44:08 PM

Confirmations

6,540,368

Merkle Root

d8d336231f5cda8d23a3802948b29bad76547a7aec96ed5a5c68d43d99e19203
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.845 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
78450893777294534090…82563871604321204101
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.845 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
78450893777294534090…82563871604321204101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.569 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
15690178755458906818…65127743208642408201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.138 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
31380357510917813636…30255486417284816401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.276 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
62760715021835627272…60510972834569632801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.255 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
12552143004367125454…21021945669139265601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.510 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
25104286008734250908…42043891338278531201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.020 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
50208572017468501817…84087782676557062401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.004 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10041714403493700363…68175565353114124801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.008 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
20083428806987400727…36351130706228249601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.016 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
40166857613974801454…72702261412456499201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,711,629 XPM·at block #6,808,445 · updates every 60s
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