Block #2,678,283

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/26/2018, 4:59:39 AM · Difficulty 11.6939 · 4,165,495 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
acd78cc0018e50cb576c1170c24bfc44be3200222351e61362c09527d38ce382

Height

#2,678,283

Difficulty

11.693881

Transactions

4

Size

1.31 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb1a232

Nonce

209,513,807

Timestamp

5/26/2018, 4:59:39 AM

Confirmations

4,165,495

Merkle Root

3abd53725f5943dd1be0356bbbd78b06b506a83267a19d67e76fe6ccd1f6b5f5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.116 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21162252984491715182…44854512899801889281
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
2.116 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
21162252984491715182…44854512899801889281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
4.232 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
42324505968983430364…89709025799603778561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
8.464 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
84649011937966860728…79418051599207557121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.692 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16929802387593372145…58836103198415114241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
3.385 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
33859604775186744291…17672206396830228481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
6.771 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
67719209550373488583…35344412793660456961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.354 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13543841910074697716…70688825587320913921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.708 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
27087683820149395433…41377651174641827841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
5.417 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
54175367640298790866…82755302349283655681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.083 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10835073528059758173…65510604698567311361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
2.167 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
21670147056119516346…31021209397134622721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
4.334 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
43340294112239032693…62042418794269245441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,994,599 XPM·at block #6,843,777 · updates every 60s
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