Block #2,676,424

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/24/2018, 8:57:30 PM · Difficulty 11.6976 · 4,166,691 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1afd64122c53afdfda46c9141ea83a63fe1a41268397e7b98cea670339a7b6f8

Height

#2,676,424

Difficulty

11.697617

Transactions

16

Size

4.12 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb29707

Nonce

170,142,329

Timestamp

5/24/2018, 8:57:30 PM

Confirmations

4,166,691

Merkle Root

929ff95c8a2080c8a846469e91b1ab9f56c3b72fc4f7cf8d5f2abd48356247d0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.192 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21928646392993219234…78086441767462474479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.192 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21928646392993219234…78086441767462474479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.192 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
21928646392993219234…78086441767462474481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.385 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43857292785986438468…56172883534924948959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.385 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
43857292785986438468…56172883534924948961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.771 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87714585571972876936…12345767069849897919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.771 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
87714585571972876936…12345767069849897921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.754 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17542917114394575387…24691534139699795839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.754 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17542917114394575387…24691534139699795841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.508 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35085834228789150774…49383068279399591679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.508 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
35085834228789150774…49383068279399591681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.017 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
70171668457578301549…98766136558799183359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,989,286 XPM·at block #6,843,114 · updates every 60s
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