Block #2,675,547

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/24/2018, 5:43:40 AM · Difficulty 11.7001 · 4,161,120 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5b63354c98e8b28ac34387a4c21f004648f82167a152713b5fbfbf42cc16d87d

Height

#2,675,547

Difficulty

11.700078

Transactions

9

Size

3.20 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb33858

Nonce

362,383,756

Timestamp

5/24/2018, 5:43:40 AM

Confirmations

4,161,120

Merkle Root

10fbe9594534c103e8dd838e9651a9a0eab39d4640cb41fdaf506dbbc9a57995
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.096 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10963019424702071148…32301529058039964899
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.096 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10963019424702071148…32301529058039964899
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.096 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
10963019424702071148…32301529058039964901
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.192 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
21926038849404142296…64603058116079929799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.192 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
21926038849404142296…64603058116079929801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.385 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
43852077698808284592…29206116232159859599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.385 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
43852077698808284592…29206116232159859601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.770 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
87704155397616569185…58412232464319719199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.770 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
87704155397616569185…58412232464319719201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.754 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17540831079523313837…16824464928639438399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.754 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17540831079523313837…16824464928639438401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.508 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
35081662159046627674…33648929857278876799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,937,614 XPM·at block #6,836,666 · updates every 60s
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