Block #267,408

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/21/2013, 6:41:58 AM · Difficulty 9.9589 · 6,527,439 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
a7342c8231a83bb36c24dc2744123f783403f9e490007fe7d1d62af3d73ffdb1

Height

#267,408

Difficulty

9.958889

Transactions

10

Size

3.46 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f579ba

Nonce

154,544

Timestamp

11/21/2013, 6:41:58 AM

Confirmations

6,527,439

Merkle Root

b8a063236b4b1e56f6824accb6475cd410cc4c33d1af8d416f9db7603d1703c1
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.753 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17530126528940519955…67434486673366461439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.753 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17530126528940519955…67434486673366461439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.753 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17530126528940519955…67434486673366461441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.506 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
35060253057881039910…34868973346732922879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.506 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
35060253057881039910…34868973346732922881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.012 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
70120506115762079821…69737946693465845759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.012 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
70120506115762079821…69737946693465845761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.402 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14024101223152415964…39475893386931691519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.402 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
14024101223152415964…39475893386931691521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.804 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
28048202446304831928…78951786773863383039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,602,806 XPM·at block #6,794,846 · updates every 60s
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