Block #2,671,615

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/21/2018, 3:07:33 PM · Difficulty 11.6891 · 4,170,171 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
b1ce4fd4cc91de329b5f80e4b846e26f95e73747623370eaad85bda5eba2d035

Height

#2,671,615

Difficulty

11.689084

Transactions

20

Size

5.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb067d3

Nonce

4,126,141

Timestamp

5/21/2018, 3:07:33 PM

Confirmations

4,170,171

Merkle Root

250dab6428f9587bd3bb50b8500bcf5084120dbf3b85d71dc0694efc32a8fe17
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.372 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13722875195724570098…39460312446328504319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.372 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13722875195724570098…39460312446328504319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.372 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13722875195724570098…39460312446328504321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.744 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27445750391449140197…78920624892657008639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.744 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27445750391449140197…78920624892657008641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.489 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
54891500782898280394…57841249785314017279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.489 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
54891500782898280394…57841249785314017281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.097 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10978300156579656078…15682499570628034559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.097 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10978300156579656078…15682499570628034561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.195 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21956600313159312157…31364999141256069119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.195 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21956600313159312157…31364999141256069121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.391 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
43913200626318624315…62729998282512138239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,978,666 XPM·at block #6,841,785 · updates every 60s
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