Block #266,959

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/20/2013, 8:57:30 PM · Difficulty 9.9600 · 6,546,983 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
e16086fe705105793ad38f27873de8f120eb3025ee8b0fadbea4e44eba3285b1

Height

#266,959

Difficulty

9.959958

Transactions

8

Size

1.95 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f5bfce

Nonce

8,919

Timestamp

11/20/2013, 8:57:30 PM

Confirmations

6,546,983

Merkle Root

e0127cca3c47e06fe635c68c0612c423c5197fe27f953dddc221bdc4d2f10b2a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.119 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
81192343415034869399…71215489828875129641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.119 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
81192343415034869399…71215489828875129641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.623 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
16238468683006973879…42430979657750259281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.247 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
32476937366013947759…84861959315500518561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.495 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
64953874732027895519…69723918631001037121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.299 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
12990774946405579103…39447837262002074241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.598 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
25981549892811158207…78895674524004148481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.196 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
51963099785622316415…57791349048008296961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.039 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
10392619957124463283…15582698096016593921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.078 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
20785239914248926566…31165396192033187841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,755,613 XPM·at block #6,813,941 · updates every 60s
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