Block #2,669,274

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/20/2018, 2:57:35 AM · Difficulty 11.6781 · 4,163,999 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cb2da927f38da191c026264afa734efdb527a4d0198507b28f67e64f5552e48b

Height

#2,669,274

Difficulty

11.678137

Transactions

7

Size

2.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bad9a5f

Nonce

67,880,910

Timestamp

5/20/2018, 2:57:35 AM

Confirmations

4,163,999

Merkle Root

e32b121ed7ae6e3b329c895d643d95ebb5a3c41b76c925e10582e49f7fba4424
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.557 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15574255403972339950…60447166924561785599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.557 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15574255403972339950…60447166924561785599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.557 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15574255403972339950…60447166924561785601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.114 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31148510807944679900…20894333849123571199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.114 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31148510807944679900…20894333849123571201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.229 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62297021615889359800…41788667698247142399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.229 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
62297021615889359800…41788667698247142401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.245 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12459404323177871960…83577335396494284799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.245 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12459404323177871960…83577335396494284801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.491 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24918808646355743920…67154670792988569599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.491 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24918808646355743920…67154670792988569601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.983 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49837617292711487840…34309341585977139199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,378 XPM·at block #6,833,272 · updates every 60s
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