Block #2,667,696

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/19/2018, 1:57:02 AM · Difficulty 11.6732 · 4,164,028 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
02c37bf399228ceba36fdd236b6579224f0af2cf87147ee504bb757ddf8b85bc

Height

#2,667,696

Difficulty

11.673171

Transactions

6

Size

2.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bac54ee

Nonce

900,296,509

Timestamp

5/19/2018, 1:57:02 AM

Confirmations

4,164,028

Merkle Root

1d6165f66698116c420df2b7d48e1599870069f7229a273dca9575826a81a188
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.567 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25674087431420935966…23470408946309693439
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.567 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25674087431420935966…23470408946309693439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.567 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25674087431420935966…23470408946309693441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.134 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51348174862841871933…46940817892619386879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.134 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
51348174862841871933…46940817892619386881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10269634972568374386…93881635785238773759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.026 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10269634972568374386…93881635785238773761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.053 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20539269945136748773…87763271570477547519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.053 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
20539269945136748773…87763271570477547521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.107 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41078539890273497546…75526543140955095039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.107 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
41078539890273497546…75526543140955095041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.215 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
82157079780546995093…51053086281910190079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,897,897 XPM·at block #6,831,723 · updates every 60s
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