Block #266,283

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/20/2013, 7:38:27 AM · Difficulty 9.9609 · 6,547,810 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
355f25f8328d79a5a71f871add9155f6641145e21f89f8cf2861709718aceb6b

Height

#266,283

Difficulty

9.960895

Transactions

32

Size

12.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f5fd35

Nonce

435

Timestamp

11/20/2013, 7:38:27 AM

Confirmations

6,547,810

Merkle Root

2c1b7dcc0925f0e56962e83f8a57a1faffe5839a1971243f31bf0b485690cf9c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.533 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15336654580030533145…64656270386831299049
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.533 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15336654580030533145…64656270386831299049
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.533 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
15336654580030533145…64656270386831299051
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.067 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30673309160061066290…29312540773662598099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.067 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
30673309160061066290…29312540773662598101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.134 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
61346618320122132581…58625081547325196199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.134 × 10¹⁰¹(102-digit number)
61346618320122132581…58625081547325196201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.226 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12269323664024426516…17250163094650392399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.226 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
12269323664024426516…17250163094650392401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.453 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
24538647328048853032…34500326189300784799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.453 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
24538647328048853032…34500326189300784801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,756,826 XPM·at block #6,814,092 · updates every 60s
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