Block #2,658,244

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/12/2018, 4:49:37 PM · Difficulty 11.6554 · 4,183,245 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d6258be13384d180b7b6ae3018f34203b9e5f94bc33f388067a86732bd61a0a0

Height

#2,658,244

Difficulty

11.655370

Transactions

8

Size

3.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba7c656

Nonce

849,603,407

Timestamp

5/12/2018, 4:49:37 PM

Confirmations

4,183,245

Merkle Root

f0222eb3d15e8617cb45e972452f0422cd7a0cd465ab3a3df72b7450c8da8531
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.242 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12424692862578714810…00921124735423252639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.242 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12424692862578714810…00921124735423252639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.242 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12424692862578714810…00921124735423252641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.484 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24849385725157429620…01842249470846505279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.484 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24849385725157429620…01842249470846505281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.969 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
49698771450314859240…03684498941693010559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.969 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
49698771450314859240…03684498941693010561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.939 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
99397542900629718480…07368997883386021119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.939 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
99397542900629718480…07368997883386021121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.987 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19879508580125943696…14737995766772042239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.987 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
19879508580125943696…14737995766772042241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.975 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
39759017160251887392…29475991533544084479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,976,288 XPM·at block #6,841,488 · updates every 60s
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