Block #2,658,125

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/12/2018, 2:29:29 PM · Difficulty 11.6566 · 4,175,616 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b69a37643bd825745deffa39a861f6fb8783f314ca47eb30b2f0787f44b0b2b0

Height

#2,658,125

Difficulty

11.656629

Transactions

3

Size

697 B

Version

2

Bits

0ba818de

Nonce

1,989,118,024

Timestamp

5/12/2018, 2:29:29 PM

Confirmations

4,175,616

Merkle Root

49e9bcf17f4c7d9cadb09ec06e52811121509c0af4eccbb3b21f4a481da9d8b9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.072 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30722916248353582338…82634951594881231361
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.072 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
30722916248353582338…82634951594881231361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.144 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
61445832496707164677…65269903189762462721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.228 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12289166499341432935…30539806379524925441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.457 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24578332998682865871…61079612759049850881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
4.915 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49156665997365731742…22159225518099701761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
9.831 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
98313331994731463484…44318451036199403521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.966 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19662666398946292696…88636902072398807041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
3.932 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39325332797892585393…77273804144797614081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
7.865 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
78650665595785170787…54547608289595228161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
1.573 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15730133119157034157…09095216579190456321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
3.146 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31460266238314068315…18190433158380912641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
6.292 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
62920532476628136630…36380866316761825281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,914,146 XPM·at block #6,833,740 · updates every 60s
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