Block #2,657,535

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/12/2018, 2:11:29 AM · Difficulty 11.6666 · 4,176,099 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
79d61cfb25bb13d0e89d9dcb64615fbc62519049171b9a0facae350a437fa53a

Height

#2,657,535

Difficulty

11.666572

Transactions

2

Size

1.28 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baaa47d

Nonce

254,017,023

Timestamp

5/12/2018, 2:11:29 AM

Confirmations

4,176,099

Merkle Root

79b36973aa7dcbb6c2bbd93898a56265e456bdc323bc5367e4a6b6a52b6f95e2
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.562 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15624517701608520594…27082197884351447041
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.562 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15624517701608520594…27082197884351447041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.124 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31249035403217041188…54164395768702894081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.249 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
62498070806434082377…08328791537405788161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.249 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12499614161286816475…16657583074811576321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.499 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24999228322573632951…33315166149623152641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
4.999 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49998456645147265902…66630332299246305281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
9.999 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
99996913290294531804…33260664598492610561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.999 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19999382658058906360…66521329196985221121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.999 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
39998765316117812721…33042658393970442241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
7.999 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
79997530632235625443…66085316787940884481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.599 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
15999506126447125088…32170633575881768961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
3.199 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
31999012252894250177…64341267151763537921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,913,283 XPM·at block #6,833,633 · updates every 60s
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