Block #2,654,250

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/9/2018, 3:45:25 AM · Difficulty 11.7232 · 4,179,320 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
9b2de06326bb08ed87a3c766ec873ab9a0416b793ca24e00d9aa2af21a0c16f4

Height

#2,654,250

Difficulty

11.723249

Transactions

32

Size

9.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb926d1

Nonce

155,976,498

Timestamp

5/9/2018, 3:45:25 AM

Confirmations

4,179,320

Merkle Root

05d56bea0f3934b57fe42de8442b8f736c3c28cac357a73713a543726781b479
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.574 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25741688514669461573…42055388845134001119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.574 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25741688514669461573…42055388845134001119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.574 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25741688514669461573…42055388845134001121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.148 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51483377029338923146…84110777690268002239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.148 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
51483377029338923146…84110777690268002241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.029 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10296675405867784629…68221555380536004479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.029 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10296675405867784629…68221555380536004481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.059 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20593350811735569258…36443110761072008959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.059 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20593350811735569258…36443110761072008961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.118 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41186701623471138517…72886221522144017919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.118 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
41186701623471138517…72886221522144017921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.237 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
82373403246942277034…45772443044288035839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,912,763 XPM·at block #6,833,569 · updates every 60s
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