Block #265,419

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/19/2013, 1:23:12 PM · Difficulty 9.9626 · 6,545,127 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
b0c8372921ff7217385c1f40cb5f05a45485778dcb1abd94123524d373f15c53

Height

#265,419

Difficulty

9.962620

Transactions

4

Size

16.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f66e47

Nonce

129,118

Timestamp

11/19/2013, 1:23:12 PM

Confirmations

6,545,127

Merkle Root

f1f45217a2a4caa79b19f78ec48c712869b36385429bf23d45f079f9f3d9dad9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.254 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
32543265530661904305…40975583651620807681
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.254 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
32543265530661904305…40975583651620807681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.508 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
65086531061323808610…81951167303241615361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.301 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
13017306212264761722…63902334606483230721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.603 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
26034612424529523444…27804669212966461441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.206 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52069224849059046888…55609338425932922881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.041 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10413844969811809377…11218676851865845761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.082 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20827689939623618755…22437353703731691521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.165 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41655379879247237510…44874707407463383041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.331 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83310759758494475020…89749414814926766081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,728,456 XPM·at block #6,810,545 · updates every 60s
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