Block #2,653,833

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/8/2018, 6:16:17 PM · Difficulty 11.7315 · 4,180,127 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
cf6e1916ef9cc01055f4e76ab5d6ba27d68030f29af9eb4bc5fa2052e507c5cd

Height

#2,653,833

Difficulty

11.731548

Transactions

53

Size

16.57 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bbb46b5

Nonce

2,047,418,019

Timestamp

5/8/2018, 6:16:17 PM

Confirmations

4,180,127

Merkle Root

708700c8c6b4f46d4afc39b3b9d04859066797a1fa34ac1884eb81f1e3d4864f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.201 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12011895348975690129…47914723581825130611
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.201 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12011895348975690129…47914723581825130611
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.402 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24023790697951380259…95829447163650261221
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.804 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48047581395902760519…91658894327300522441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.609 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
96095162791805521039…83317788654601044881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.921 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19219032558361104207…66635577309202089761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.843 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
38438065116722208415…33271154618404179521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.687 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
76876130233444416831…66542309236808359041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.537 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15375226046688883366…33084618473616718081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.075 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
30750452093377766732…66169236947233436161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.150 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61500904186755533465…32338473894466872321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12300180837351106693…64676947788933744641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
2.460 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24600361674702213386…29353895577867489281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,915,908 XPM·at block #6,833,959 · updates every 60s
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