Block #2,651,809

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/7/2018, 2:59:55 AM · Difficulty 11.7486 · 4,192,265 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
6777ce5206084d0a50075b42fa7e5e5dfd0e305fd949a0ebbfaa4f7036acc964

Height

#2,651,809

Difficulty

11.748567

Transactions

3

Size

93.83 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bbfa218

Nonce

1,419,289,741

Timestamp

5/7/2018, 2:59:55 AM

Confirmations

4,192,265

Merkle Root

310a0252b2064f79dced08d274a0194a8cbdd2b918253f11339f77368c56c62c
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.886 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
58863005133047019586…23193118996526746401
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
5.886 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
58863005133047019586…23193118996526746401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.177 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11772601026609403917…46386237993053492801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.354 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23545202053218807834…92772475986106985601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
4.709 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47090404106437615669…85544951972213971201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
9.418 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
94180808212875231338…71089903944427942401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.883 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18836161642575046267…42179807888855884801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.767 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37672323285150092535…84359615777711769601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
7.534 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
75344646570300185071…68719231555423539201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.506 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15068929314060037014…37438463110847078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.013 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30137858628120074028…74876926221694156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
6.027 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
60275717256240148056…49753852443388313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
1.205 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12055143451248029611…99507704886776627201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,996,967 XPM·at block #6,844,073 · updates every 60s
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