Block #2,651,452

2CCLength 11★★★☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/6/2018, 8:13:36 PM · Difficulty 11.7509 · 4,190,605 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
03de39dca520736fd499e48b9ac0b58d13db1bd69a9d08dc0ea608cee86922db

Height

#2,651,452

Difficulty

11.750929

Transactions

4

Size

993 B

Version

2

Bits

0bc03cdf

Nonce

1,437,450,158

Timestamp

5/6/2018, 8:13:36 PM

Confirmations

4,190,605

Merkle Root

ff7075a9402d57662dd15ade0634d051a05bb794919db8a03a21763c5a4ba013
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.980 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49809524159614033968…62603886202736899201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.980 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49809524159614033968…62603886202736899201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.961 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
99619048319228067936…25207772405473798401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.992 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19923809663845613587…50415544810947596801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.984 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39847619327691227174…00831089621895193601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.969 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79695238655382454349…01662179243790387201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.593 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15939047731076490869…03324358487580774401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.187 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31878095462152981739…06648716975161548801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.375 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63756190924305963479…13297433950323097601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.275 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12751238184861192695…26594867900646195201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.550 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
25502476369722385391…53189735801292390401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
5.100 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
51004952739444770783…06379471602584780801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,980,838 XPM·at block #6,842,056 · updates every 60s
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