Block #265,020

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/19/2013, 5:04:45 AM · Difficulty 9.9634 · 6,538,646 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3178c99cecd21dc6f999122fdef99f84feea296b5b983f4eb585bc8534b902d4

Height

#265,020

Difficulty

9.963352

Transactions

9

Size

5.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f69e37

Nonce

38,579

Timestamp

11/19/2013, 5:04:45 AM

Confirmations

6,538,646

Merkle Root

67a109f3baa2170b8b4fdf3a8b5a9e8b778e0c2f1589c61e12eef532ef6d1e32
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.855 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18557417363005261849…23878051334716142781
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.855 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
18557417363005261849…23878051334716142781
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.711 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
37114834726010523698…47756102669432285561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.422 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
74229669452021047396…95512205338864571121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.484 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14845933890404209479…91024410677729142241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.969 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
29691867780808418958…82048821355458284481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.938 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
59383735561616837916…64097642710916568961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.187 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11876747112323367583…28195285421833137921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.375 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23753494224646735166…56390570843666275841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.750 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47506988449293470333…12781141687332551681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.501 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
95013976898586940667…25562283374665103361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,673,364 XPM·at block #6,803,665 · updates every 60s
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