Block #2,646,711

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 5/3/2018, 12:19:16 PM · Difficulty 11.7534 · 4,161,645 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3e1c1f46497566a47d6746042e72752f76b4bc16b8a4c33e61456b3c9453db28

Height

#2,646,711

Difficulty

11.753407

Transactions

3

Size

2.03 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bc0df43

Nonce

417,361,947

Timestamp

5/3/2018, 12:19:16 PM

Confirmations

4,161,645

Merkle Root

52c1dcd799b2d18d801b48127621a7f924e4367e9f4bd9becec276316683b36f
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.837 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48374304455797666017…34550833054030763521
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.837 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
48374304455797666017…34550833054030763521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
9.674 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
96748608911595332034…69101666108061527041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.934 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19349721782319066406…38203332216123054081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.869 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38699443564638132813…76406664432246108161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
7.739 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
77398887129276265627…52813328864492216321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.547 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15479777425855253125…05626657728984432641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
3.095 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30959554851710506251…11253315457968865281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
6.191 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
61919109703421012502…22506630915937730561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.238 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12383821940684202500…45013261831875461121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.476 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24767643881368405000…90026523663750922241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
4.953 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
49535287762736810001…80053047327501844481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
9.907 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
99070575525473620003…60106094655003688961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,710,907 XPM·at block #6,808,355 · updates every 60s
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