Block #2,645,737

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/3/2018, 1:13:26 AM · Difficulty 11.7378 · 4,187,947 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6dd75b83b239ef52f9563415daf7b919d80018b326e8ef409992b1aba29b76fc

Height

#2,645,737

Difficulty

11.737812

Transactions

6

Size

1.94 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bbce13c

Nonce

250,509,131

Timestamp

5/3/2018, 1:13:26 AM

Confirmations

4,187,947

Merkle Root

114762d92f7e2c7672f80104eb9ccee40a25aa7f6df905c4bd31e11faa4bcbdf
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.521 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
75212528193930928943…96093920222470267099
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.521 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
75212528193930928943…96093920222470267099
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.521 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
75212528193930928943…96093920222470267101
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.504 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15042505638786185788…92187840444940534199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.504 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
15042505638786185788…92187840444940534201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.008 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30085011277572371577…84375680889881068399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.008 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
30085011277572371577…84375680889881068401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.017 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
60170022555144743154…68751361779762136799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.017 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
60170022555144743154…68751361779762136801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.203 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12034004511028948630…37502723559524273599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.203 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
12034004511028948630…37502723559524273601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.406 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
24068009022057897261…75005447119048547199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,913,692 XPM·at block #6,833,683 · updates every 60s
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