Block #2,644,404

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/2/2018, 11:54:15 AM · Difficulty 11.7085 · 4,186,833 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c9ec28ea3b3b68a453a9d480a2ceea2b653ed9df33a8c4c12d3ecf12890a0a4b

Height

#2,644,404

Difficulty

11.708494

Transactions

21

Size

7.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb55fe5

Nonce

676,424,750

Timestamp

5/2/2018, 11:54:15 AM

Confirmations

4,186,833

Merkle Root

2f5ee21c0d383b393e45388d972cd8683a05ce249c7e9bac5d513b5c5f976b25
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.392 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13924585145897846814…30832955273678619839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.392 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13924585145897846814…30832955273678619839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.392 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13924585145897846814…30832955273678619841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27849170291795693628…61665910547357239679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.784 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27849170291795693628…61665910547357239681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.569 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55698340583591387256…23331821094714479359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.569 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55698340583591387256…23331821094714479361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11139668116718277451…46663642189428958719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.113 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11139668116718277451…46663642189428958721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.227 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22279336233436554902…93327284378857917439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.227 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22279336233436554902…93327284378857917441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.455 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44558672466873109804…86654568757715834879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,894,045 XPM·at block #6,831,236 · updates every 60s
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