Block #2,644,188

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 5/2/2018, 9:34:53 AM · Difficulty 11.7040 · 4,186,995 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
c0fa28350dc9124d013a4d8ebc3a566607cd5280a9950fd2288bc1b8b8d6fb4a

Height

#2,644,188

Difficulty

11.704018

Transactions

7

Size

2.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bb43a8e

Nonce

719,739,195

Timestamp

5/2/2018, 9:34:53 AM

Confirmations

4,186,995

Merkle Root

b7103e26f6822b9c06ce872a78871f01b89d7a73bc4dd38558e4eee65a5e73c8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.135 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71353703854401626751…55135161966584450559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.135 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71353703854401626751…55135161966584450559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.135 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
71353703854401626751…55135161966584450561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.427 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14270740770880325350…10270323933168901119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.427 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14270740770880325350…10270323933168901121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.854 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28541481541760650700…20540647866337802239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.854 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
28541481541760650700…20540647866337802241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57082963083521301401…41081295732675604479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.708 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
57082963083521301401…41081295732675604481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.141 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11416592616704260280…82162591465351208959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.141 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
11416592616704260280…82162591465351208961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.283 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
22833185233408520560…64325182930702417919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,893,607 XPM·at block #6,831,182 · updates every 60s
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