Block #2,637,615

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/29/2018, 11:54:37 PM · Difficulty 11.4509 · 4,193,434 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f7620f2ed092cd7f9f92611d98e3dbe2470d1b26e1edc3ba3f2be64ba11ebc65

Height

#2,637,615

Difficulty

11.450851

Transactions

46

Size

10.77 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b736afb

Nonce

168,506,108

Timestamp

4/29/2018, 11:54:37 PM

Confirmations

4,193,434

Merkle Root

a901a0a8473adccd1ba843489753e20683498e17221d58153cefb9aa4cf38eb5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.109 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61095231169035385958…23920598132755706879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.109 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61095231169035385958…23920598132755706879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.109 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
61095231169035385958…23920598132755706881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.221 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12219046233807077191…47841196265511413759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.221 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12219046233807077191…47841196265511413761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.443 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24438092467614154383…95682392531022827519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.443 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24438092467614154383…95682392531022827521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.887 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48876184935228308766…91364785062045655039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.887 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
48876184935228308766…91364785062045655041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.775 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97752369870456617533…82729570124091310079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.775 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
97752369870456617533…82729570124091310081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.955 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19550473974091323506…65459140248182620159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,892,528 XPM·at block #6,831,048 · updates every 60s
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