Block #2,636,375

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/29/2018, 1:41:40 PM · Difficulty 11.3780 · 4,176,468 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d93bf98ad362a108a630e37f097c99651dd97c74651ac7e17c2c92a38796b1ab

Height

#2,636,375

Difficulty

11.378003

Transactions

8

Size

54.62 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b60c4cf

Nonce

534,450,984

Timestamp

4/29/2018, 1:41:40 PM

Confirmations

4,176,468

Merkle Root

7fc21c45409a641e66590fdbe08f1ceddda75dc65faa31396d6e4393853b0757
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.829 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18295383169368248417…91705749358356478399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.829 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18295383169368248417…91705749358356478399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.829 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
18295383169368248417…91705749358356478401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.659 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36590766338736496835…83411498716712956799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.659 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
36590766338736496835…83411498716712956801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.318 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73181532677472993671…66822997433425913599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.318 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
73181532677472993671…66822997433425913601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.463 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14636306535494598734…33645994866851827199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.463 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
14636306535494598734…33645994866851827201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.927 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29272613070989197468…67291989733703654399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.927 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
29272613070989197468…67291989733703654401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.854 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
58545226141978394937…34583979467407308799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,746,778 XPM·at block #6,812,842 · updates every 60s
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