Block #2,636,032

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/29/2018, 10:50:16 AM · Difficulty 11.3565 · 4,204,800 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
d34650eb7e6d67736fcd6b47eadc92b42fa9b6f26d33794423edafbb370d9c4a

Height

#2,636,032

Difficulty

11.356470

Transactions

12

Size

4.28 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b5b419e

Nonce

1,159,038,902

Timestamp

4/29/2018, 10:50:16 AM

Confirmations

4,204,800

Merkle Root

2f157fb61007d0d051bd55892586ee6318a98c50376f3897d7ef3988925ef50d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.807 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58078665266808175605…29212167333001606159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.807 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58078665266808175605…29212167333001606159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.807 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
58078665266808175605…29212167333001606161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.161 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11615733053361635121…58424334666003212319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.161 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
11615733053361635121…58424334666003212321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.323 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23231466106723270242…16848669332006424639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.323 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
23231466106723270242…16848669332006424641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.646 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46462932213446540484…33697338664012849279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.646 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
46462932213446540484…33697338664012849281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
9.292 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92925864426893080968…67394677328025698559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
9.292 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
92925864426893080968…67394677328025698561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.858 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
18585172885378616193…34789354656051397119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,971,002 XPM·at block #6,840,831 · updates every 60s
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