Block #2,635,314

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/29/2018, 5:12:31 AM · Difficulty 11.3063 · 4,198,020 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f7c292500ab3b78d0644c4a0cf9e5f695196344acf5d3e1b45538e74d190bfe1

Height

#2,635,314

Difficulty

11.306291

Transactions

12

Size

3.88 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b4e6914

Nonce

720,250,297

Timestamp

4/29/2018, 5:12:31 AM

Confirmations

4,198,020

Merkle Root

91ec9f9ec2c1a16686e349e5d5879ac33e7f97e88b3639a0e148db88ccc906a5
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.028 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40283208144183973156…39218925391399002879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.028 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40283208144183973156…39218925391399002879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.028 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
40283208144183973156…39218925391399002881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.056 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80566416288367946313…78437850782798005759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.056 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80566416288367946313…78437850782798005761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.611 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16113283257673589262…56875701565596011519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.611 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16113283257673589262…56875701565596011521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.222 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32226566515347178525…13751403131192023039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.222 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32226566515347178525…13751403131192023041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.445 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64453133030694357051…27502806262384046079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.445 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64453133030694357051…27502806262384046081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.289 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12890626606138871410…55005612524768092159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,910,867 XPM·at block #6,833,333 · updates every 60s
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