Block #2,634,239

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/28/2018, 7:48:29 PM · Difficulty 11.2320 · 4,205,369 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1f734893bc5d2743a69f99f57b926bea771b07072716c6ea749a9d089d500ca6

Height

#2,634,239

Difficulty

11.232044

Transactions

9

Size

2.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b3b6734

Nonce

766,956,043

Timestamp

4/28/2018, 7:48:29 PM

Confirmations

4,205,369

Merkle Root

3824ce1bef70a426a3409d0bf86bcd97aae838fe5a21a283f5c1ba5f7d0d7323
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.479 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44797562552835918725…85081912264187781119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.479 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44797562552835918725…85081912264187781119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.479 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
44797562552835918725…85081912264187781121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.959 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89595125105671837451…70163824528375562239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.959 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
89595125105671837451…70163824528375562241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17919025021134367490…40327649056751124479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
17919025021134367490…40327649056751124481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.583 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35838050042268734980…80655298113502248959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.583 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
35838050042268734980…80655298113502248961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
7.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71676100084537469961…61310596227004497919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
7.167 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
71676100084537469961…61310596227004497921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.433 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
14335220016907493992…22621192454008995839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,961,153 XPM·at block #6,839,607 · updates every 60s
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