Block #2,632,401

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/27/2018, 7:24:36 PM · Difficulty 11.1727 · 4,211,668 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
70c89060f979ee223cc690c558f27dd6aaf248d0ccaa29b0abe0eaee15793651

Height

#2,632,401

Difficulty

11.172679

Transactions

48

Size

12.83 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b2c34b9

Nonce

1,338,973,823

Timestamp

4/27/2018, 7:24:36 PM

Confirmations

4,211,668

Merkle Root

9056f328b81cce5e14e6c01ce8e0a097e202ce01a685d7f56b1c259f17579e51
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.680 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
26806526375090100047…26141423372692357119
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.680 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
26806526375090100047…26141423372692357119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.680 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
26806526375090100047…26141423372692357121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.361 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
53613052750180200094…52282846745384714239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.361 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
53613052750180200094…52282846745384714241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.072 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10722610550036040018…04565693490769428479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.072 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
10722610550036040018…04565693490769428481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.144 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21445221100072080037…09131386981538856959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.144 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
21445221100072080037…09131386981538856961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.289 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42890442200144160075…18262773963077713919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.289 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
42890442200144160075…18262773963077713921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.578 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
85780884400288320150…36525547926155427839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,996,926 XPM·at block #6,844,068 · updates every 60s
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