Block #2,632,271

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 4/27/2018, 5:17:19 PM · Difficulty 11.1722 · 4,209,688 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0fb10f2523a8d86f4c291809a9273b64bb589d4ab984ad06bac0da781ae1438c

Height

#2,632,271

Difficulty

11.172228

Transactions

58

Size

16.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b2c171c

Nonce

56,538,108

Timestamp

4/27/2018, 5:17:19 PM

Confirmations

4,209,688

Merkle Root

886980bbb097e0c5bcada735d2f76a7a41c2502683861c124e5fa0b51df3b7a0
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.075 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
30755280836447304096…67897432806249823199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.075 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
30755280836447304096…67897432806249823199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.075 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
30755280836447304096…67897432806249823201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.151 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61510561672894608192…35794865612499646399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.151 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
61510561672894608192…35794865612499646401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12302112334578921638…71589731224999292799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.230 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
12302112334578921638…71589731224999292801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.460 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24604224669157843277…43179462449998585599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.460 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24604224669157843277…43179462449998585601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.920 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49208449338315686554…86358924899997171199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.920 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
49208449338315686554…86358924899997171201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.841 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
98416898676631373108…72717849799994342399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,054 XPM·at block #6,841,958 · updates every 60s
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