Block #261,953

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/16/2013, 8:37:41 AM · Difficulty 9.9701 · 6,541,446 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
0d077c83ca4cdcda5ebf3cc3b1b9b8540a586cd517295224bdd110cbbf9fcdcf

Height

#261,953

Difficulty

9.970079

Transactions

3

Size

9.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f8571e

Nonce

20,338

Timestamp

11/16/2013, 8:37:41 AM

Confirmations

6,541,446

Merkle Root

546f1db4c26d4514e180ce2f9842dfc4296e2c0b6b5e71279686d8162d036a9d
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.242 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12423560511057665823…21526265369844583121
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.242 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12423560511057665823…21526265369844583121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
2.484 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24847121022115331647…43052530739689166241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
4.969 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49694242044230663294…86105061479378332481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
9.938 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
99388484088461326588…72210122958756664961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.987 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19877696817692265317…44420245917513329921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.975 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
39755393635384530635…88840491835026659841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
7.951 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
79510787270769061270…77680983670053319681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.590 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15902157454153812254…55361967340106639361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
3.180 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
31804314908307624508…10723934680213278721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
6.360 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
63608629816615249016…21447869360426557441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,671,222 XPM·at block #6,803,398 · updates every 60s
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