Block #261,851

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/16/2013, 5:55:32 AM · Difficulty 9.9704 · 6,541,909 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
056790015edc1ea0a21a10a894156cdab567355eedd271090da16f443970371b

Height

#261,851

Difficulty

9.970435

Transactions

4

Size

744 B

Version

2

Bits

09f86e68

Nonce

80,105

Timestamp

11/16/2013, 5:55:32 AM

Confirmations

6,541,909

Merkle Root

d2aabe04c099a47659a52d5f35c18e4fdee8ae8f95071f68ddaf44393530c7f5
Transactions (4)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.508 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95087873887724925099…24195933937907792641
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
9.508 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
95087873887724925099…24195933937907792641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.901 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19017574777544985019…48391867875815585281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.803 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
38035149555089970039…96783735751631170561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
7.607 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
76070299110179940079…93567471503262341121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.521 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
15214059822035988015…87134943006524682241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
3.042 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
30428119644071976031…74269886013049364481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
6.085 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
60856239288143952063…48539772026098728961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.217 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
12171247857628790412…97079544052197457921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.434 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
24342495715257580825…94159088104394915841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
4.868 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
48684991430515161651…88318176208789831681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,674,120 XPM·at block #6,803,759 · updates every 60s
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