Block #261,789

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/16/2013, 3:57:10 AM · Difficulty 9.9708 · 6,540,361 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
85fb96a6e8a38b9320489129dd71bb921f530560d46bed81284a6b84db980b7a

Height

#261,789

Difficulty

9.970759

Transactions

1

Size

1.94 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f883a8

Nonce

167,611

Timestamp

11/16/2013, 3:57:10 AM

Confirmations

6,540,361

Merkle Root

465835546abc42f0fd3a1f0510306d0b4fc72df9f100d5493d5d712edc46d95a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.399 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33993584570446932870…96447166836188692481
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
3.399 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33993584570446932870…96447166836188692481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
6.798 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
67987169140893865740…92894333672377384961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.359 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13597433828178773148…85788667344754769921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
2.719 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27194867656357546296…71577334689509539841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
5.438 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54389735312715092592…43154669379019079681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.087 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10877947062543018518…86309338758038159361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.175 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21755894125086037037…72618677516076318721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
4.351 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
43511788250172074074…45237355032152637441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
8.702 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
87023576500344148148…90474710064305274881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,661,205 XPM·at block #6,802,149 · updates every 60s
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