Block #261,346

TWNLength 10ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†

Bi-Twin Chain Ā· Discovered 11/15/2013, 2:31:55 PM Ā· Difficulty 9.9728 Ā· 6,548,025 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ad27197e6afbcaa69dc51ce0b8739b34e2828d333db20d23d7fd2f9f50360cd9

Height

#261,346

Difficulty

9.972782

Transactions

3

Size

1.00 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f9083c

Nonce

11,985

Timestamp

11/15/2013, 2:31:55 PM

Confirmations

6,548,025

Mined by

Merkle Root

55523654b80637fba4ee65119e87b85bd0f0c806eaea80e2351173f7ee229555
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.220 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22204387381813522929…66856122197328300479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 | Upper: 2^k Ɨ origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin āˆ’ 1
2.220 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22204387381813522929…66856122197328300479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.220 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22204387381813522929…66856122197328300481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 āˆ’ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
4.440 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44408774763627045859…33712244394656600959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 Ɨ origin + 1
4.440 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
44408774763627045859…33712244394656600961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^1 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
8.881 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
88817549527254091718…67424488789313201919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 Ɨ origin + 1
8.881 Ɨ 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
88817549527254091718…67424488789313201921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^2 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
1.776 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17763509905450818343…34848977578626403839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 Ɨ origin + 1
1.776 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17763509905450818343…34848977578626403841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^3 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 Ɨ origin ± 1)
2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1
3.552 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35527019810901636687…69697955157252807679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 Ɨ origin + 1
3.552 Ɨ 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35527019810901636687…69697955157252807681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 Ɨ origin + 1 āˆ’ 2^4 Ɨ origin āˆ’ 1 = 2 (twin primes āœ“)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

ā˜…ā˜…ā˜†ā˜†ā˜†
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 Ɨ 3 Ɨ 5 Ɨ 7 Ɨ …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime Ɨ Primorial (2Ā·3Ā·5Ā·7Ā·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial āˆ’ 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,719,037 XPMĀ·at block #6,809,370 Ā· updates every 60s
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