Block #259,680

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/13/2013, 6:13:04 PM · Difficulty 9.9776 · 6,544,329 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
93e870fff62dbaff915a645ac026eee7ac24e1c378c51bef6f1913d788d4e0d9

Height

#259,680

Difficulty

9.977582

Transactions

2

Size

425 B

Version

2

Bits

09fa42cb

Nonce

1,270

Timestamp

11/13/2013, 6:13:04 PM

Confirmations

6,544,329

Merkle Root

5a7659a6efdc03311460cb971c07114d9d0ed766876bfcf3fe9fc6d7df4bc221
Transactions (2)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.076 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40768697284928742528…28299110750605283121
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.076 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40768697284928742528…28299110750605283121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.153 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
81537394569857485056…56598221501210566241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.630 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
16307478913971497011…13196443002421132481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.261 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
32614957827942994022…26392886004842264961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.522 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
65229915655885988045…52785772009684529921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.304 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
13045983131177197609…05571544019369059841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.609 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
26091966262354395218…11143088038738119681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.218 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
52183932524708790436…22286176077476239361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.043 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
10436786504941758087…44572352154952478721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,676,120 XPM·at block #6,804,008 · updates every 60s
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