Block #259,634

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/13/2013, 5:45:09 PM · Difficulty 9.9775 · 6,554,669 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
5f5993d3d55b989bbc955489388b4af750c3c8c2fdc1507b991b0e41434ae96f

Height

#259,634

Difficulty

9.977496

Transactions

2

Size

606 B

Version

2

Bits

09fa3d26

Nonce

705

Timestamp

11/13/2013, 5:45:09 PM

Confirmations

6,554,669

Merkle Root

927986318d0a96199f3b40aa218f0fc2e7da24937b1953c0c32f37681a65e16b
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.058 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80583792560699180925…61089735493107091841
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
8.058 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
80583792560699180925…61089735493107091841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.611 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16116758512139836185…22179470986214183681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
3.223 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
32233517024279672370…44358941972428367361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
6.446 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
64467034048559344740…88717883944856734721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.289 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12893406809711868948…77435767889713469441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.578 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
25786813619423737896…54871535779426938881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
5.157 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
51573627238847475792…09743071558853877761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
1.031 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
10314725447769495158…19486143117707755521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
2.062 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
20629450895538990317…38972286235415511041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,758,487 XPM·at block #6,814,302 · updates every 60s
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